What is a Seizure?

To be able to understand the symptoms of dog seizures, it is important to understand what a seizure is. A seizure is an uncommon electrical discharge in the brain causing irregular brain function. The level of the impact on the brain can fluctuate widely, with symptoms ranging from significant drooling to contraction of all muscles and a loss of consciousness.

The 4 Stages

Seizures can be broken down into 4 stages, the Prodome, the Aura or Pre-Ictus, the Ictus (the actual seizure stage), and the Post-Ictus.

1) Prodome

Recognized by a transformation in mood or attitude, the prodome can last hours or even days. In humans this is often accompanied by feelings of anxiety about the imminent seizure.

2) Aura or Pre-Ictus

Signaling the start of the seizure, this stage means shaking, crying, salivation, hysterical pacing, hiding, and a overall restlessness.

3) Ictus

This is the seizure itself, and it usually lasts around 1 to 3 minutes. The initial phase of the seizure is known as the tonic phase. Typically the dog will fall to her side with her legs extended and her head back. Muscle contractions are occurring throughout the whole body of the dog, producing a number of side effects. Involuntary vocalizations happen as a consequence of diaphragm contractions. They are not a sign of pain. In fact, once the seizure has begun, the pet is in no longer awake, regardless of whether or not the eyes stay open. The dog may drool continuously, urinate, defecate, and even evacuate its rectal glands. This phase is oftentimes quick, and the outset of the next phase, the clonic phase, is designated by rhythmic movements triggered by the flexing and releasing of the muscles. The dog will exhibit running movements, jerking, and chomping. The tongue may turn blue and the dog may have trouble breathing. These are all results of the inconsistent muscle contractions that should last less than 3 minutes. If the seizure lasts any longer than 3 minutes it is a serious health emergency.

4) Post-Ictus

Many seizures happen overnight, and as a result the post-ictus may be the only actual indications of your dog's seizure that you ever see. It can continue anywhere from minutes to days and is recognized by continued uncommon habits in your pet. She may pace about, be restless, unresponsive, eat or drink exceedingly, have trouble acknowledging familiar faces, and even express signs of hearing problems and indications of blindness.

What to Do

During the course of the Seizure

The most crucial thing you can do for your dog throughout a seizure is to remain relaxed. Your relaxed energy will help her be calm through this frightening experience. If you can, hold your dog and speak to her calmly. Place something soft under her head and try to prevent her from injuring herself. Be very mindful of her mouth, uncontrollable muscle spasms can lead to an unsightly bite. If you can, observe the time so you can keep track of how long the seizure lasts. Do not forget, any seizure over 3 minutes is an emergency. Decrease lighting and noise and separate her from any other pets or children. It is extremely important to never forget that the sudden muscle contractions amount to an intense exercise for your dog. Observe her temperature closely and use a cool washcloth on her belly, face, and feet to help keep her cool. It is possible for your pet to experience a heat stroke as a result of the seizure.

After the Seizure

During the post-ictal period it is extremely important to continue to treat your dog as you did during the actual seizure. She is still confused and disoriented and needs to be relaxed and remain calm. Once she starts to resume regular attitude she will likely be very hungry and thirsty. Observe her eating and drinking to make certain that she doesn't have too much. Take note of as many details surrounding the event as possible, including the duration of the seizure itself and how she acted during the course of it. Any advice you can keep in mind could be useful in helping your vet determine a possible cause. Ice cream is a recommended treat to restore your pet's blood sugar to a healthy level, but obviously moderation is key.

*Advice contained in this article is not meant to substitute professional veterinary advice, it is simply a guide to help you better understand dog seizure symptoms.