The Canaan Dog, also known as the Kalef K'naani, is a medium sized dog originating from the land of Israel. It is said that it has existed within the Middle East for over a millennia, which is a very long time compared to other breeds; it originates from the Pariah dog, a member of the Spitz family, one of the oldest ones in the world. The Canaan Dog exists in both biblical references and various stone carvings and paintings. It is also thought to have existed (not proven however) over 10,000 years ago. Graves have been found from this time with over seven hundred similar dogs, lined side by side, that share the Canaan dogs characteristics. The Canaan Dog was used as a herd and guard dog. They lived in the wilderness until the early 1930's when an institution under the government, Unit Oketz, decided to take advantage of them and breed them. A breeding program was started in 1934, and they have developed much since then, forming further sections of the breed. They are still used today. There still exist many wild Canaan dogs however, despite the governments' occasional attempts to partially wipe them out due to rabies and other phenomena. The Canaan Dog was transported to the US in 1995 and registered by the AKC in 1997.

The Canaan Dog is a very loving and affectionate dog breed, and it fits in well with families. It has plenty of love to share, is playful and likes getting much attention for itself. They are generally eager to help out, and are both resourceful and intelligent. They also work well with children they grow up with. Despite these good traits it is however not a good choice for newcomers to the art of dog owning, it can be stubborn and strong-willed at times, and not very trustful either. They are very territorial, they love barking, they love digging and they can be very aggressive towards other dog breeds.

Their fur coat is short, commonly coloured in white or black, harlequin, sandy, cream, reddish brown, and black. They have straight pointy ears and a curled tail. Their average lifespan is between 12 to 15 years, and the only two major health issues this breed might receive are thyroid problems and seizures. Compared to other dog breeds this one is very healthy. Puppy parents of this breed should have OFA and CERF certificates.